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(1) 200 Words – Essay on Indira Gandhi for Kids & Students in Very Easy Words
Indira was born on November 19, 1917, into the politically influential Nehru family. His father was Jawaharlal Nehru and his mother was Kamala Nehru. Indira got her “Gandhi” surname after marrying Feroze Gandhi.
His grandfather Motilal Nehru was a prominent Indian nationalist leader. His father Jawaharlal Nehru was an eminent figure in the Indian independence movement and was the first Prime Minister of independent India.
After completing her schooling in 1934–35, Indira joined the Visva-Bharati University, built by Rabindranath Tagore in Santiniketan. Rabindranath Tagore named him “Priyadarshini”. She then moved to England and joined Somerville College, Oxford in 1937 after succeeding in the examination.
During this time she often met Feroze Gandhi, whom she knew from Allahabad and who was studying at the London School of Economics. Finally, on 16 March 1942, he was married to Feroze Gandhi in a private Adi Dharma Brahmo-Vedic ceremony at Anand Bhawan, Allahabad.
Indira Gandhi was elected President of the Congress in 1960. Indira Gandhi was made the Minister of Information and Broadcasting after the death of her father. When Lal Bahadur Shastri became Prime Minister after his father and after Shastri’s death in 1966, he was elected to the post of Prime Minister by the Congress. Indira Gandhi emerged as a powerful leader after becoming Prime Minister.
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300 Words – Essay on Indira Gandhi for Kids & Students in Very Easy Words
Indira Gandhi was the first woman to become the Prime Minister of India. He was born on 19 November 1917 in Allahabad. He was the only child of his father Jawaharlal Nehru. He received his primary education at home and later he studied at Santiniketan. He was sent to England for higher education. She was fearless since childhood.
He formed the Vanar Sena (Monkey Army, a group of children) as a teenager for the freedom struggle. She was an active member of the Indian National Congress. He also had the opportunity to become the Prime Minister of India after his father’s death.
He did many important works during his prime ministerial tenure. In his time 14 big banks were nationalized. He gave new power to the Congress party and changed the name of the Congress to Indira Congress (Congress I), freeing the Congress Party from the old and gregarious.
Apart from the nationalization of 14 banks, he did many extraordinary works, due to which he will always be remembered in history. He never gave up in front of enemies. It was his diplomatic prowess in which Pakistan was dusted off in the 1972 war, and Bangladesh emerged as an independent country. He imposed the Emergency in 1977 to teach his opponents a lesson.
The aim of which was to make India an economic power. Although she lost the election badly after the imposition of Emergency, she did not lose courage and was re-elected in 1980 on the strength of her charismatic personality. He then became the chairman of the Non-Aligned Movement and discharged that role with a large following.
Several major steps were taken to crush terrorism in Punjab, one of which was to drive away the terrorists from the Golden Temple. He had to pay his life for it. On 31 October 1984, he was shot and killed by personal security guards. She was determined to perform her duties and was known as an iron woman and will be remembered in Indian history.
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400 Words – Essay on Indira Gandhi for Kids & Students in Very Easy Words
Indira Gandhi’s birthday was an auspicious day when Lenin played the bugle of mass revolution against the monarchy in Russia. That historic day was on 19 November 1917. Indira’s personality provides amazing coordination of foresight, perseverance and courage. The beginning of his political life should be understood from his childhood.
Education and married life
Indira’s education could not be duly done. Initially, he was sent to Shantiniketan. Later, he also studied at Oxford, but his actual education was based on his travels abroad with Pandit Nehru and letters written by his father.
In 1942, Indira was married to Feroze Gandhi. Indira Gandhi had two sons, Rajiv Gandhi and Sanjay Gandhi.
Political life and career as Prime Minister of India
At the age of 21, Indira Gandhi became a member of the Congress. After the death of Pandit Nehru, she became the Minister of Information Broadcasting in the Cabinet at the request of Prime Minister Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri.
After the sudden demise of Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri, Indira Gandhi was unanimously elected Prime Minister of the country on 19 January 1966.
The fourth general election was held in February 1967 and this time again Indira Gandhi became Prime Minister. After this election, Indira Gandhi’s personality developed more. People used to come to see him and listen to his speech.
In the 1971 elections, she again won by an absolute majority. He undertook many important tasks during his reign such as nationalization of banks, surrender of Pakistani army, formation of Bangladesh, establishing friendship with Russia and establishing a strong existence for India.
Indira Gandhi had to witness many ups and downs in her long political life. In the period from June 1975 to March 1977, he declared a state of emergency in the country.
This day was the dark day of Indian politics and was the biggest mistake in Indira Gandhi’s life. She lost the Lok Sabha elections from Rae Bareli in March 1977.
The Congress was badly defeated, but the ruling Janata Party disintegrated in just two years due to infighting, division and chair battles.
Mid-term elections were held and Congress again won with an absolute majority and Indira again became Prime Minister and held the post till her last time.
The conclusion
Indira Gandhi did extremely important work on the world stage. He emerged as the leader of developing countries, even developed countries considered the opinion of Mrs. Indira Gandhi very important. She has proved with her intelligence, skill and courage that women can also be perfect and all-round in the dignity of the world.
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500 Words – Essay on Indira Gandhi for Kids & Students in Very Easy Words
Indira first Priyadarshini ‘Gandhi was the first woman Prime Minister of India. Indira Gandhi, better known as Iron Lady, had a distinct identity in Indian politics. His strong decisions made him one of the most powerful leaders in the world.
Let’s know about the decisions of Indira Gandhi that changed the picture of India:
Nationalization of banks
Indira Gandhi took an important decision during her tenure of nationalization of banks. It nationalized 14 private banks on 19 July 1969. These banks were mostly occupied by large industrial houses.
Indira Gandhi believed that if banks were nationalized, it would be good because bank loans could be given across the country due to this. On July 19, 1969, an ordinance was introduced and ownership of 14 banks was handed over to the state.
Closed the privy purse of feudal states
Before independence, India had about 500 small and large princely states. Every year, the privy purse was tied by the Government of India, in lieu of the integration of its princely state into India.
This agreement was signed by Sardar Patel at the time of unification of princely states. Indira Gandhi decided to abolish the privy purse. He amended the constitution in 1971 and closed it.
Rise of Bangladesh
After the partition of India, the people of East Pakistan felt suffocated under the rule of the Pakistan Army. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was fighting for the autonomy of East Pakistan from the beginning. Civil war erupted in East Pakistan. As a result, about one million Bengali refugees in India reached Assam, causing an internal and economic crisis in the country.
India had to intervene in this problem at the request of the Bangladeshis, which led to the 1971 war. In this war, about 93,000 Pakistani soldiers were taken prisoner of war. After a long period of political instability a new nation emerged, named Bangladesh.
India’s first nuclear test
On 18 May 1974, India conducted the country’s first nuclear test at Pokhran, named “Smiling Buddha” by the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. The nuclear test was conducted at Malka village near Loharki village, about 140 km from Jaisalmer in Rajasthan.
In the dry well in Malka village, where the first nuclear test was conducted, a large pit and uprooted ground still tells that glorious moment. The United States imposed several economic sanctions on India, which Indira Gandhi accepted and continued to bring India on the path of development.
Operation Blue Star in 1984
This operation is considered to be the most dreaded military operation. Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale and his companions wanted to create a separate country, ‘Khalistan’. Bhindranwale and his companions hid in the Golden Temple.
To kill those terrorists, Indira Gandhi decided to run ‘Operation Bluestar’. Through this operation, the Indian Army liberated the Harimandir Sahib complex in Punjab from pro-Khalistan general Jail Singh Bhindranwale and his supporters.
The conclusion
Indira Gandhi is still known worldwide for her talent and political fortitude. During his tenure, he made many important and bold decisions. His decisions strengthened the country on the economic front.
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600 Words – Essay on Indira Gandhi for Kids & Students in Very Easy Words
Mrs. Indira Gandhi was the only daughter of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India. As Prime Minister, he centralized the administration more than necessary. No one has amended the original form of the Constitution of India as much as it was during his reign.
Indira was born into a family that was quite prosperous financially and intellectually. However, Indira’s childhood was full of loneliness. His father, being a politician, was either out of the house or in jail for several days. His mother died of tuberculosis.
Political career
After independence, Jawaharlal Nehru was made Prime Minister with the formation of an interim government. Subsequently, Indira’s political activities increased. The responsibility of taking care of the needs of an old father also fell on Indira.
She became a trusted secretary and nurse of Pandit Nehru. While helping his father, he also had a good understanding of politics. He was inducted into the Congress Party Executive in 1955.
Indira as Prime Minister
After the untimely death of Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri, on 11 January 1966, Congress President K.K. Kamaraj suggested Indira’s name for the post of Prime Minister. On 24 January 1966, Mrs. Indira Gandhi became the first woman Prime Minister of India after some controversies.
When and how was Emergency declared in Indira Gandhi Government
- Slogan Poverty Alleviation and Indira: To strengthen his position in the party and the country, Indira Gandhi dissolved the Lok Sabha and announced a mid-term election, which gave a jolt to the opposition. Indira Gandhi went to the polls with the slogan of ‘Garibi Hatao’ and gradually the electoral atmosphere started to be in her favor and the Congress benefited immensely. Congress got 352 seats out of 518.
- Period of economic recession: Indira Gandhi got huge success in this election and tried to implement new programs of development in various fields but problems within the country were increasing. People were upset due to inflation. Economic problems also increased due to the economic burden of the 1971 war. Meanwhile, drought and famine worsened the situation.
- Allegations of corruption and inflation: Overall, the economic recession was going on in which industry businesses were also falling. Unemployment had also increased a lot and government employees were demanding wage increases due to inflation. Amidst all these problems, the government was also accused of corruption.
- Movement led by the opposition and Indira: Indira Gandhi twice declared states ruled by the opposition as ‘anarchic’ under Section 356 of the Constitution and imposed President’s rule on them. Due to which some well known leaders and opposition leaders of the party turned against the government.
- Furious agitation by the opposition and Indira: Raj Narayan filed election petition and on 12 June 1975; The Allahabad High Court banned the election of Indira Gandhi and banned her from contesting elections for six years. Indira appealed against this decision to the Supreme Court and the court fixed July 14, but the opposition did not want to wait until July 14. Jai Prakash Narayan and the supported opposition gave the movement a fiery look.
- Declaration of Emergency: To counter these circumstances, on June 26, 1975, the President declared a state of emergency in the morning and Jayaprakash Narayan, Morarji Desai and thousands of other big and small leaders were arrested and sent to jail. Censored on government newspapers, radio and television. Fundamental rights were also almost abolished.
The conclusion
This was followed by elections in 1977; Perhaps Indira Gandhi could not evaluate the situation correctly. The united opposition and its allies got 330 seats out of 542, while Indira Gandhi’s Congress Party could manage only 154 seats. But the opposition could not handle the country properly and mid-term elections were declared. Her party won 353 seats in this election and she again became Prime Minister.