Essay in very simple language with the boundaries of different words here. Here you can find Essay, Speech, Paragraph on Natural Disaster in English language for 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 or IAS, IPS Banking and other competitive exams.
Essay on Natural Disaster in Very Easy Words
Volcanism:
Volcanic eruption is a natural phenomenon that destroys many sites and also affects the environment. When the volcano erupts, the hot gas rush spreads to the atmosphere and the hot molten lava emanating from it causes havoc everywhere.
Many poisonous elements are found in volcanic gases and during the eruption, the fierce sound of vegetation, humans, animals, etc. coming in contact with it becomes ash and a cloud of gas covers the sky. This explosion is highly accidental and sometimes it continues continuously, sometimes it ends in a few months, days.
Volcanic emissions do not occur in all places in the world, but there are special regions called volcanic affected areas. This type of area is the Pacific Ocean Strip, which extends from the Andes of South America to the west coast of North America to Japan, from southeastern Asia to the Pacific coastal region (Indonesia, Philippines etc.) to New Zealand, in addition to the Mediterranean belt which includes Italy Volcanoes are prominent.
Apart from this, there are Alpine-Himalayan belt, African Riftwell, Middle Atlantic Ridge, Indian Ocean islands etc. There are about 500 volcanoes in the world, of which about 300 waking volcanoes, of which Stramboli is the most familiar.
Volcanic eruptions are a letter to the environment. On an average, 150 cubic kilometers of matter exit the volcano. This substance is of three types of ethos, which consists of small and large pieces of rock, ash, rocks, which go far in the sky.
In the molten material, the ‘magma’ flows outward, which is called ‘lava’. The gas released at the time of ejection contains a predominance of carbon dioxide and sulfur which is highly toxic, in addition to other gases such as chlorine, Fluorine etc. are also discharged in vast quantities. When these gases mix water with vapor, the entire atmosphere becomes polluted.
Volcanic eruptions and lava flows destroy vegetation and humans and other animals. When it originated in Mount Pelé in 1902, only 2 out of 30,000 people of St. Priory town were left with its combustible materials. Many cities have been devastated by Italy’s Etna and Vesuvius volcanoes.
320 km from Mexico in 1943. In the west, the Pascutin volcano formed a hillside about 167 meters high. In 1991, volcanic eruptions of Japan and the Philippines have caused substantial loss of public wealth. In fact, volcanic eruptions are a natural disaster that not only damages the affected areas but also pollutes the environment and disrupts the ecological system. is . Generally volcanic emissions are in sensitive areas related to them, so if human settlement is not done by identifying those areas then human loss can be prevented.
Earthquakes:
An earthquake is a natural disaster that is highly destructive. Earthquakes in many areas of the world cause huge loss of public wealth and adverse effects on the environment. Under the earthquake, stir begins in the crust and the earth starts moving. Earth’s origin is a center of earthquake due to radio activity, changes in thermal conditions, collision in tectonic plates and many other internal causes of Earth.
Earthquake waves or waves originating from there are affected by earthquake as far as the area is extended. The intensity of an earthquake is measured on the Richter scale, revealing the energy released from it, such as 5 on the Richter scale means 199 tons of free energy. At this intensity, the amount and extent of destruction caused by the earthquake depends.
The extent of earthquake cases in the world is in defined areas, they are:
(i) Pacific crescent box:
Which extends from Chile, Peru, Central America to the Caribbean islands, Mexico, California, Canada coast, Kamchatka, Japan, Philippines, Indonesia to New Zealand. This region is the most affected.
(ii) Alps-Mediterranean Sea Asia Box:
This includes North Africa, Spain, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Isan, Northern India, Myanmar.
(iii) Others include Atalagintak and Indian Ocean, East Africa, Central Siberia, Central Canada, Brazil, Scandinavia, Southern India, China, Western Australia etc. In India, (a) Himalayan region (b) North Plain and (c) Peninsular India are considered earthquake sensitive.
Earthquakes cause great loss of human and property. Thousands of people die from earthquakes, buildings collapse and turn into rubble, cracks in the ground, dams are built, transportation and communication means become disoriented, and the area Animals and birds are destroyed and the entire ecological system becomes unbalanced. On May 11, 2008, the earthquake in China killed more than 55,000 people.
Many earthquakes have caused havoc in one part or the other. Earthquakes are considered to be the most destructive of natural disasters. Earthquake-resistant buildings are constructed in Japan, the country most affected by the earthquake, to prevent losses from earthquakes, and the public is also given proper information to protect them.
Although the forecast of earthquake is not possible even today. But the scientific analysis of geological movements can reduce the damage caused by the determination of earthquake sensing areas and the appropriate measures of disaster management in that area.
Flood:
A flood is a disaster that arises from an overflowing gate, in which a wide area is submerged. The main reason for this is overflowing, the second reason is human in which to create a barrier in the natural flow, deposition of silt in the waters of rivers, breakage of dams and embankments, sudden release of excessive amount of water by dams, deforestation in coastal areas etc. Due to increase in level, a wide area is submerged and there is widespread loss of public wealth and adverse effect on the environment as well. Is.
A flood is an aquatic process that affects the basin or plains of rivers. Its duration and density depends on the amount of rainfall and the composition of the backdrop of the river. Sometimes there is little or sometimes excessive loss.
The major causes of flood are:
(i) excess rainfall
(ii) Environmental destruction, especially deforestation
(iii) landslide
(iv) obstruction of natural water flow
(v) Dam, breach of embankment and barrage
(vi) torrential rain in short time
(vii) rapid flow of excess water
Many villages and coastal settlements are submerged by floods. Due to flooding of fields, agriculture is ruined. Livestock are severely damaged. Soil erosion is high and the entire area becomes marshy for some time. Many types of diseases occur after the flood. There is a problem of floods in many countries of the world. In India, this problem is serious in many areas.
The following areas of India are more prone to floods:
(a) Upper water area and Piedmont region of Himalayan rivers
(b) Upper, middle and lower Delsea regions of the Ganges
(c) The valleys of the Brahmaputra and its rivers
(d) Delaysi region of Mahanadi, Godavari, Kaveri and Krishna rivers
(e) Narmada and Tapti Basin
Many states like Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Assam, are hit by floods almost every year. Sometimes accidental events such as cloudburst also become a cause of flood as happened in the desert areas of Sajasthan in 2007. India’s neighboring Bangladesh gets hit by floods every year in flood affected countries. The following suggestions may be useful for controlling the problem of floods.
(i) Construction of small dams on the tributaries.
(ii) Small water storage areas can be created in the upper area of the rivers.
(iii) Intensive plantation in the catchment area of rivers.
(iv) Avoiding breaking of embankments.
(v) It is necessary to develop flood warning system in coastal areas so that timely warning can be done to save the public money from harm.
(vi) Prohibition of settlement of settlements by encroaching along rivers.
(vii) Prohibition of forest destruction in the catchment area of rivers.
(viii) Special arrangements are necessary to ensure that silt is not deposited in rivers.
(ix) For the disposal of flood water, such channels should be made through which excess water flows into them.
(x) It is necessary to prepare a plan for each area for proper water management and flood control.
Drought and Famines:
Drought is also a natural disaster that impacts on the natural ecological system, which causes loss of public wealth. Drought outbreaks occur in areas where rainfall is less. Desert and semi-desert areas are more vulnerable to drought. Sometimes, areas of moderate rainfall are prone to drought due to less rainfall for two to three years in a row.
The main causes of drought are:
(i) Decreased rainfall or no rainfall for many years.
(ii) Destruction of forests.
(iii) Excessive exploitation of ground water.
(iv) Due to artificial dam and river diversion.
(v) Destruction of water cycle.
(vi) Decrease in soil organic organizations.
(vii) Destruction of water sources from mining operations.
When drought is more intense or denser, a famine occurs. India had one of the worst droughts in 1899, known as ‘Chhappan Ka Akal’, in which millions of people lost their lives and livestock was ruined.
There was a drought in India in 1977, which also resulted in the loss of substantial public money. In 1992-93, there was such a severe drought and famine in Ethiopia that about 3 million people died there. Many states of India are affected by drought and famine, in which Rajasthan is the most affected state which is often vulnerable to drought and famine is common here. Other states are Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh.
To reduce the impact of drought disaster, the following suggestions are useful for a permanent solution to the crisis problem:
(i) There should be maximum conservation of rain water.
(ii) The drainage rate of ground water reserves should not exceed the recharge.
(iii) Have a life style of economical use of water.
(iv) Water storage system should be popularized at the government and non-government level.
(v) Traditional water harvesting methods should be revived locally.
(vi) In areas where the environment has been destroyed, water cycle should be established again by eco-top therapy.
(vii) In case of drought, it should be resolved with internal and external support.
(viii) It is necessary to prepare a comprehensive plan of drought and famine management in advance, especially for those areas where this problem occurs regularly.
(ix) Judicious use of available water resources and long term water management is very important.
(x) Detection of new water sources with remote sensing technology would be an appropriate step in this direction.
Hurricanes, tornadoes and tropical cyclones
Sudden changes in the atmospheric conditions result in shri-storm, lightning fall, snow storm, Yarnady and cyclonic storms which are due to environmental disaster. Blind-storms and thunderstorms are caused by sudden changes in the conditions of local air pressure and by the process, which consists of strong winds, thunder, lightning and strong rain. Due to strong winds, there is loss of buildings, communication means, rail tracks etc. with trees.
This leads to loss of human life as well as birds and other organisms. It sometimes has 150 to 200 km of winds. There is a speed per hour. In the same way, humans and animals die due to lightning, and it also causes fire in forest areas.
A snow storm is even more destructive because it consists of snowflakes with diameters ranging from 0.5 to 5 cm. They cause more destruction. These types of snow storms are more frequent in many parts of America, Europe and Russia.
The Yarnado is a small, but dense cyclone. In this, the air moves at a very rapid speed in a curved form. Darnedo takes extreme destructive form by hitting the air frontier in the middle latitudes. The United States has the highest frequency of tornadoes, in addition to Australia and the mid-latitude region. Among them, the wind speed is 400 km. Reaches per hour and the shape is puffed up. The last end of this funnel is on the ground which causes havoc.
Thermal cyclones are highly powerful and destructive called hurricanes or typhoons. They fall in latitudes 80 to 150 north and south, although not near the equator. These cyclones originate from a low pressure intensity and move at a rapid speed in a circular manner, accompanied by strong rainfall.
Not only do they harm life, vegetation and property, they also adversely affect the ecological system. Many islands and coastal areas are destroyed by them. Outbreaks of this type of storm are often seen in Bangladesh.
Here 40,000 in 1822, one lakh and 1.75 lakh in 1876 and 1897 and 3 lakh in 1970 and 5 lakh in 1991 died due to similar storms. These storms wreak havoc in many parts of the world, coastal areas, islands are more affected by them, they cause death for fishermen. The forecast of these cyclonic storms to a certain extent is possible by modern techniques, so the loss of public money can be reduced by making the forecasting system effective and giving timely information.
Tsunami:
Tsunamis are called chains of sea waves. Tsunami is a Japanese language word which means ‘TSU’ which means port and waves. This means that waves coming into the harbor area are called tsunamis.
They are similar to tidal waves, but they are large and intense. Therefore, they cause destruction, due to the movements of the oceans, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or the slipping of internal plays.
Due to the shaking of the sea surface, the entire water filled above the floor starts downward, causing these huge waves. One of these causes changes in the geological structure of the ocean floor, the slipping or breaking of the fall under the water and a part gets penetrated into deeper structures. At this place, sea water starts coming in from all around. Due to which water takes the form of sea waves, these waves are called tsunamis.
The speed of tsunami waves is extremely fast, sometimes it can be as high as 500 to 800 km / h. These waves which are 300 km When they reach the coastal areas, they create havoc. In the deep sea areas, the wrist of these hairs is two to three feet, but by reaching coastal areas, it rises from 30 to 100 feet (30 m).
These waves cause havoc in coastal areas. These waves start from one place and reach the Hazmidya kilometers and cause immense loss of public wealth wherever they go. On 26 December 2004, tsunami waves were witnessed in India. This tsunami occurred in coastal areas of Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Maldives including Andaman and Nicobar, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Pondicherry in India.
These waves caused devastation, lost millions of lives and destroyed property worth crores. It caused a severe disaster to the environment and caused a lot of change in the ecological system. This type of tragedy can reduce the loss of prognosis if warned there, people can get out safely.
The major effects of tsunami waves are:
(i) increase in water level,
(ii) change in topography,
(iii) volcanic eruption,
(iv) ecological imbalance,
(v) Crisis on rare species,
(vi) Exhaustion of drinking water sources,
(vii) damage to buildings,
(viii) loss of fauna,
(ix) loss of huge public money,
(x) loss of ports,
(xi) Outbreak of many diseases after tsunami, etc.
Landslide:
Landslide also disrupts the general ecosystem. A landslide is a natural disaster in which a large part of the land, which includes soil and stone blocks, comes down suddenly. It occurs only as a rapid movement of rocks.
Due to gravity, landslides are also created due to underground movement, explosion of mining, etc., and the decay of forests. Landslide also occurs as a result of overloading in the upper part and erosion at the bottom. Due to the sliding of these rocks, the people settled under them are buried, roads and railways are blocked.
Many settlements on the slopes in the Rocky region of Switzerland, Norway, Canada have been destroyed. In India, landslides occur frequently in Jammu and Kashmir, Uttaranchal, Himachal Pradesh and North-Eastern states. The loss of public wealth due to them depends on the habitat of the area and the nature of the landslide, that is, how much and how fast it has happened.
Generally, the areas of landslide are marked, so the loss from them can be reduced by adopting protective measures in these areas. Similar to landslides, snowfall in the snow-clad mountainous regions also results in loss of icebergs.
It is called the fall of the icebergs, these are caused by the glaciation of glaciers on the mountain slopes containing glaciers. Forest fires are very destructive in environmental disasters, especially for vegetation, wildlife, birds and biodiversity. As the forest fire becomes more extensive, the vegetation of the entire area turns into ashes and there is a lot of loss of forest wealth.
If the fire of the forest is limited then it causes less damage but if its expansion is more, then it assumes destructive nature. Generally, a fire in a site spreads in the forests because wood and other flammable materials grow in it.
This fire is sometimes caused by natural causes such as mutual rubbing of trees, especially by rubbing of bamboo trees. Lightning also causes fire. Excess heat also causes fire. In addition, due to human error, an explosion near the forest area also triggers a fire which takes a large form. There are four forms of forest fire – surface fire, surface fire, top fire, and a whirlwind of fire.
The disadvantages of this type of fire are:
(i) Timber destruction.
(ii) End of forests.
(iii) Death of wildlife.
(iv) Loss of biodiversity.
(v) Pollution of environment.
(vi) Destruction of tribal settlements in forest areas.
(vii) Climate change.
(viii) Increase in soil erosion.
(viii) Interference in the ecological system.
Proper management is necessary for control of forest fires which:
(a) Tektham,
(b) nigger,
(c) It is possible by mitigation.
For this, it is necessary to make a fire band and to dry dry wood and leaves etc. Forests should be constantly monitored, so that if there is a fire, it can be extinguished immediately. Similarly, adequate management of fire fighting is necessary, aerial spraying along with terrestrial is also necessary. Chemicals for fire fighting with water can also be used when required.