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200 Words – Essay on Article 370 of Indian Constitution – 1
In the year 1979, Article 3 effect which came into force in the state of Jammu and Kashmir of India was considered a temporary provision; However, it continued for decades, although many political leaders and other prominent people in the county periodically demanded its repeal.
The article exempted Jammu and Kashmir from the Indian Constitution. The state gained the authority to enact its own laws relating to any matter except foreign affairs, communications and defense.
Thus the state government drafted a separate constitution. It also brought a different flag. The fundamental duties mentioned in the Indian Constitution were not applicable in Jammu and Kashmir. It had its own set of rights and duties.
The state of the state has not been very good since Article 370 came into force. The life of the people in Kashmir region has been particularly pathetic. There is a possibility of terrorist attacks at this place.
Article 370 has been seen as a hindrance in the development of the state. It is also considered to be the cause of increasing corruption and terrorism in the state.
As per the constitutional order passed by Indian President Ram Nath Kovind on 5 August 2019, Article 370 is ineffective. This decision has been taken to improve the situation of J&K and its citizens.
300 Words – Essay on Article 370 of Indian Constitution – 2
Article 370 of the Indian Constitution was drafted in Part XXI of the Constitution: Provisional, Transitional and Special Provisions. However, soon after this it became known as a permanent feature of the Indian Constitution. It has been in effect in Jammu and Kashmir for decades.
Origin of Article 370 of Indian Constitution
Article 370 was prepared by Sheikh Abdullah in the year 1947. Abdullah was appointed as the Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and Maharaja Hari Singh of Kashmir.
Abdullah wanted full autonomy for Jammu and Kashmir and demanded that Article 370 should not remain a temporary provision. However, the Center considered this demand unreasonable and did not accept it.
Special status given to Jammu and Kashmir
As soon as Article 370 came into existence, the Constituent Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir gained special power, in which it was empowered to recommend the Articles of the Constitution, which should be applied to the State. It even gained the power to repeal Article 370 altogether.
Article 35A and Article 370 together stated that a different set of laws apply to the residents of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. The Parliament of India can only use laws related to finance, defense, communications and foreign affairs in the state.
This required the approval of the state government to enforce all other laws. Residents of Jammu and Kashmir enjoyed completely different laws relating to citizenship and fundamental rights, speaking of property ownership.
As per the laws enforced by the state, Indian citizens from other parts of the country were denied the right to purchase property in Jammu and Kashmir.
The conclusion
Residents of Jammu and Kashmir fear that the abolition of Article 370 may hamper their local occupation and thus threaten their livelihoods. The possibility of adhering to this major decision as well as adopting those changes is a cause of concern for the residents of Jammu and Kashmir. Their concerns are genuine. We hope the location situation improves after this.
400 Words – Essay on Article 370 of Indian Constitution – 3
Article 370 of the Indian Constitution giving special rights to the state of Jammu and Kashmir was repealed on 5 August 2019. This decision taken by the Center has been appreciated by many political parties, leaders, celebrities and general public. However, it has been criticized by many others. Article 370 had some advantages and many disadvantages.
Benefits of Article 370 of Indian Constitution
Here’s a look at the benefits of Article 370:
1) Article 370 is beneficial for the citizens of Jammu and Kashmir. The state prioritizes the interest of its local citizens. The state has less competition and more opportunities for its citizens.
2) Jammu and Kashmir claims its local handicraft items. The government of this state has kept its culture and local businesses alive. It has always encouraged local businesses on foreign brands.
That is why many local brands are operating in the state. This means more work, more development opportunities and good income for the local people.
Loss of Article 370 of Indian Constitution
Here’s a look at the pitfalls of Article 370:
1) The state of Jammu and Kashmir developed as much as other parts of the country. This is especially true when we look at medical facilities here. The condition of hospitals and healthcare centers in the state is not as good.
2) Law and order in Jammu and Kashmir is weak as the Center is not allowed to interfere. This has given rise to terrorism in the state. Terrorism is a major concern here and not much is being done to fight it.
3) Due to separation from the Center, corruption is high in the state. There is no eye on the Jammu and Kashmir government. It makes its own laws and works according to its convenience.
4) Article 370 prevented the implementation of the right to education in the state. This is why students were forced to migrate to other states.
5) Outsiders cannot establish business in J&K. Professionals and industrialists are not allowed to settle here. This is a major obstacle in the growth and development of the state.
6) This provision is anti-women in nature. This has given rise to extreme gender bias in the state.
The conclusion
The disadvantages of Article 370 of the Indian Constitution clearly reveal its advantages. The tense atmosphere in the state is a clear proof of that. Section 370 looks like a ray of hope for a state that has long been in the grip of terrorism. We hope this sees better times ahead.
500 Words – Essay on Article 370 of Indian Constitution – 4
Article 370 is a temporary provision in the Constitution of India. It gives special autonomous status to the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir.
The provisions of the Indian Constitution which are applicable in other states of India are not applicable to Jammu and Kashmir.
This article was adopted in November 1956 and implemented in the state in January 1957 by Sheikh Abdullah.
Special provision in Jammu and Kashmir as per Article 370
Certain special provisions were made in Jammu and Kashmir as Article 370 came into force in the state. Contains:
- J & K acquired various national flags.
- In India, it is considered a crime to insult the national flag and national symbols. It is a punishable offense. But this rule did not apply in Jammu and Kashmir.
- The Supreme Court orders in India did not apply in Jammu and Kashmir.
- The citizens of Jammu and Kashmir enjoyed dual citizenship.
- Women in Kashmir had to follow Sharia law.
- The term of the Legislative Assembly of J&K was 6 years compared to other Indian states, of which the term of the Legislative Assembly is 5 years.
- RTI, RTE and CAG were not applicable in Kashmir.
- J & K citizenship of a woman married to a person from another Indian state ended. On the other hand, if a woman from the state married someone from Pakistan, she acquired citizenship of Jammu and Kashmir.
- If a Pakistani married a Kashmiri girl, she acquired Indian citizenship.
- Article 370 did not allow people from other states to buy property in Jammu and Kashmir.
- Minority groups in Kashmir comprising Hindus and Sikhs did not get 16% reservation.
Changes after repeal of article 370
Now that Section 370 has been repealed, Jammu and Kashmir will no longer gain autonomous status. All the special powers that come with this article have been revoked. Here are some other changes:
- All residents of Jammu and Kashmir will be entitled to single citizenship only.
- Article 360 enacted during the financial emergency is now in force in Jammu and Kashmir.
- People from other states will be able to buy property in Jammu and Kashmir.
- The term of the Legislative Assembly has been changed to 5 years.
- RTI will be applicable in Jammu and Kashmir.
- Minorities will be eligible for 16% reservation.
- Children will benefit from the right to education.
- The direct principle of state policy will apply.
- J & K will not have a separate flag.
Article 370 as atmosphere in Jammu and Kashmir
The prominent leaders of Jammu and Kashmir, Omar Abdullah, Sajjad Lone and Mehbooba Mufti, were arrested as a bill to abolish Article 370 was passed in the Rajya Sabha.
Internet and mobile services were suspended in Kashmir’s Srinagar district and banned in all public functions.
The conclusion
With the repeal of Article 370, so many changes are taking place, it seems that Jammu and Kashmir will finally experience peace and prosperity. This is the first step towards the betterment of the state.
There are miles to go! Whether the decision taken by the Center is right or wrong is still being debated. We hope that it will prove beneficial for the state as well as the entire country.
600 Words – Essay on Article 370 of Indian Constitution – 5
Article 370 was implemented by Sheikh Abdullah on 26 January 1957. This article gave special power to the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. This was a temporary provision.
However, it remained in force for decades. Even though many political leaders and other prominent people in the country suggested its repeal from time to time, it remained intact; However, it has finally been canceled.
The Indian President, Ram Nath Kovind, issued a constitutional order to repeal Article 370 and implement all the rules and provisions of the Indian Constitution for Jammu and Kashmir. This historic move was made on 5 August 2019.
Bill to repeal the provisions of Article 370
The Union Home Minister, Amit Shah, moved a motion in the Rajya Sabha to table the bill repealing all the provisions of Article 370. It was approved by President Ram Nath Kovind.
Shah introduced the Bill for the division of the state into Jammu and Kashmir with the Legislative Assembly and Ladakh as a Union Territory and as a Union Territory without legislature.
The opposition bench opposed this proposal; However, the decision has been made. The repeal of Article 370 of the Indian Constitution was a major part of the BJP’s agenda. Thus Shah was announced by BJP leaders.
Mixed reactions to repeal of article 370
While many political parties opposed the decision to repeal Article 370 of the Indian Constitution, many others extended their support to the BJP government.
Parties that supported the decision
Those supporting this decision were Aam Aadmi Party, Bahujan Samaj Party, Shiv Sena, AIADMK, Shiromani Akali Dal, YSR Congress, Telugu Desam Party, Biju Janata Dal, BPF and AGP. All these parties supported the decision of the Center.
Many of them mentioned that they have been waiting for this step for a long time and wholeheartedly welcome the decision. They now look forward to peace and development in Jammu and Kashmir. The decision to abolish Article 370 has been called bold and courageous.
BSP member Satish Chandra Mishra was the first in the Rajya Sabha to support the move. Mayawati also supported the partition of Jammu and Kashmir.
AIADMK mentioned that their leader, Jayalalithaa had always wanted this. Shiv Sena members expressed happiness and support by celebrating outside their party head office.
BJD members said that this decision has made Jammu and Kashmir an integral part of the country and they are happy about it.
Parties opposing the decision
Parties opposing the Centre’s decision to repeal Article 370 include Congress, Trinamool Congress, Nationalist Congress Party, Janata Dal (United), Rashtriya Janata Dal, Left, National Conference, DMK and People’s Democratic Party. All these parties condemned and criticized the proposal.
Members of Congress noted that this was a “horrific step” and should be seen as a “black day” in our country’s constitutional history. It further said that the decision is a publicity stunt by BJP to get more votes. Similarly, the Left mentioned that it is an attack on the Indian Constitution.
Members of the Peoples Democratic Party expressed anger at the decision by sloganeering and tearing down copies of the Indian Constitution. The National Conference called the decision shocking and unilateral. The Trinamool Congress also objected against the Centre’s decision.
The DMK said that it was only a murder of democracy. It said that the BJP is advancing its agenda and there is no respect for the sentiments of the residents of Jammu and Kashmir.
The conclusion
The repeal of Article 370 of the Indian Constitution is indeed a major decision. Now a big change is going to happen in Jammu and Kashmir. We hope that things will change for this beautiful state which has been struggling for a long time for peace and justice. The Center will have to make special efforts to revive Jammu and Kashmir and make it a better and safer place to live.
Long Essay on Article 370 of Indian Constitution – 6
Article 370 of the constitution is often considered a link between the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir as the country gained independence from British rule. But many legal claims have been made that Article 370 is a provisional provision that is right for the state.
What is Article 3 Article?
Article 370 of the Indian Constitution gives special autonomous status to Jammu and Kashmir. It is a ‘temporary provision’ under Part XXI of the Constitution of India, which deals with “temporary, transitional and special provisions”. According to the constitution, the state has different provisions than all other states. For example, till 1965, there was a Prime Minister in place of Chief Minister in Jammu and Kashmir.
History of section 370
The article provision was prepared by Sheikh Abdullah, as he did not wish for provisional provisions for Article 370. The inclusion of Article 370 was found by Sheikh Mohammed Abdullah, the ‘Prime Minister’ of the state and a prominent leader of Muslims in the Valley. ‘Temporary and transitional provisions’ and disagreements of Part XXI of the Constitution. He wanted an ‘iron guarantee of autonomy’. Since he suspected that the special status of the state might be lost, and began advocating independence from India. This resulted in his government being sacked in 1953 and placed under preventive detention.
After five decades, the Supreme Court of India set aside a judgment of the High Court of Jammu and Kashmir stating that Jammu and Kashmir had “entire sovereign power” due to Article 370, in December 2016. The Supreme Court held that the state of Jammu and Kashmir has “no vicissitudes” of sovereignty outside the Constitution of India and its own constitution is subject to the Indian Constitution. The Court upheld the applicability of the SARFAESI Act to Jammu and Kashmir as it was under the Union List of subjects for which the Indian Parliament is empowered to legislate for the whole of India including Jammu and Kashmir.
What are the provisions of Article 3 Article?
The Indian Parliament needs the Jammu and Kashmir government to enforce the law in the state – except defense, foreign affairs, finance and communications.
The law of citizenship, property ownership and fundamental rights of the residents of Jammu and Kashmir is different from the residents of the rest of India. Under Article 370, citizens of other states cannot buy property in Jammu and Kashmir. Under Article 370, the Center has no power to declare a financial emergency.
Is the provision temporary or permanent?
The petition filed by an NGO challenged the validity of section 370 against the Delhi High Court’s order dated 11 April 2017. The petition said that even after the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir, the continuation of the provisional provision of Article 370 and the Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir, which never got the assent of the President of India or the Parliament or the Government of India, the origin of our Constitution To cheat on the structure ”. Further, it was argued that Article 370 was only a ued provisional provision ‘to help bring normalcy to Jammu and Kashmir and strengthen democracy in that state. The constitution makers did not make Article 3 didd a tool to bring permanent amendments to the Constitution like Article 35A. The petition stated that Article 35A is against the “spirit of unity of India” as it constitutes “a class within the class of Indian citizens”. Restricting citizens of other states from obtaining employment or purchasing property within Jammu and Kashmir is a violation of fundamental rights under Articles 14, 19 and 21 of the Indian Constitution.
The Supreme Court stated that in its earlier judgment of 2017 in the SARFESI case, it had already been held that Article 370 was “not a temporary provision”. During the hearing, the central government said that the case should be heard after some time as similar cases are pending before the court and are to be listed soon. The Jammu and Kashmir government clarified that the other cases which are pending before the apex court pertain to Article 35A of the Constitution and not Article 370 submitted by ASG. It also said that that case cannot be heard with the present case, which deals only with Article 370.
Rise of political difference
Ever since, the Bharatiya Janata Party’s manifesto for the 2014 general election was released, the controversial issue, the party resolved to integrate the state of Jammu and Kashmir into the Union of India. When the party won the national election, the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), the parent organization of the BJP, called for repealing Article 370. But due to some reasons, the BJP did not raise the issue. During the formation of PDP and BJP government in Jammu and Kashmir, there were sharp differences between them on the issue of Article 370. However, the Bharatiya Janata Party is maintaining its stand that Article 370 should be abolished.
The conclusion
A concerted and rigorous effort has been made on both sides of the argument, which is around Article 370. While a section of people believe that Article 370 is the only constitutional link between the state and the rest of India, there are many who insist that Article 370 is, in fact, a stumbling block to become an integral part of India Continues to prevent from. Although the legal and constitutional factors are still burning, since the creation of India, the true victims are the people of Kashmir.